Primary visual cortex

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[PubMed: 29249282]

7.

Sceleanu A. [Arteries of visual cortex]. [PubMed: 17873872]

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Fournier J, Müller CM, Schneider I, Laurent G. Spatial Information in a Non-retinotopic Visual Cortex. horizontal) and are perceived by the contralateral eye. Other non-stroke causes of cortical blindness include infection, eclampsia, traumatic brain injury, encephalitis, meningitis, medications, and hyperammonemia.

Figure

Visual Cortex Contribute By Brodmann (Public Domain)

References

1.

Tran A, MacLean MW, Hadid V, Lazzouni L, Nguyen DK, Tremblay J, Dehaes M, Lepore F.

Neuronal mechanisms of motion detection underlying blindsight assessed by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

primary visual cortex

Simple cells, which are found mostly in V1, respond to specific types of visual cues, such as the orientation of edges and lines. Information leaving the second visual area splits into the dorsal and ventral streams, which specialize in processing different aspects of visual information. The processed information from the visual cortex is subsequently sent to other regions of the brain to be analyzed and utilized.

These branches include the posterior temporal, parietooccipital, and calcarine arteries.[7]

Surgical Considerations

Many surgical cases show the risk of damage to the visual cortex.[8] The visual cortex is susceptible to mechanical damage that can be caused by surgeons attempting to remove tumors or other masses that are present in this area.

This information then leaves the lateral geniculate and travels to V1, the first area of the visual cortex. Vision Res. 2011 Jul 01;51(13):1567-87. 7th ed. One popular conceptualization of how the primary visual cortex is functionally linked to the extrastriate areas is that there are two main pathways by which information travels from V1 to the surrounding visual areas.

The primary purpose of the visual cortex is to receive, segment, and integrate visual information. These patients are able to discriminate the presence, location and movement of objects under forced-choice conditions despite reporting no awareness of them 4.

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Neuroanatomy, Visual Cortex

Introduction

The visual cortex is the primary cortical region of the brain that receives, integrates, and processes visual information relayed from the retinas.

Instead, they respond to the summation of several receptive fields that become integrated from many simple cells. This process is highly specialized and allows the brain to recognize objects and patterns quickly without a significant conscious effort.

One advantage of this specialization is that other cortical regions are free to perform other computations, such as those responsible for executive functioning and decision-making.

The former is often described as being concerned with object recognition, while the latter focuses on spatial tasks and visual-motor skills.

As visual information disseminates throughout the brain, more specialized cells are present. The visual cortex subdivides into five different areas based on structural and functional classifications. It is divided anatomically into Brodmann area 18 (V2 and V3) and area 19 (V3A, V4, and V5).

These areas are functionally organized into two main pathways:

  • ventral pathway, leading from V1 to V2 to V4 and into the inferior temporal lobe; thought to be responsible for color perception, object recognition and high-resolution perception
  • dorsal pathway, leading from V1 to V2 to V5/MT (middle temporal) and into the parietal lobe; thought to be responsible for spatial vision such as motion and positioning

Corticotectal fibers extend from the primary visual cortex (and visual association cortex) to the superior colliculus in the tectum.

It is the main site of input of signals coming from the retina. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016.

The primary visual cortex (Brodmann area 17 ) is also known as the calcarine cortex, striate cortex, or V1. [PubMed: 8545912]

5.

Anzai A, Peng X, Van Essen DC.

Neurons in monkey visual area V2 encode combinations of orientations. Neuron.